BIOL 111 General Biology I Exam III Review Fall 2001

Chapters 10 - Basic Principles of Heredity (3 lectures)

1. Distinguish between the following:
   1. P generation F₁ generation and F₂ generation
   2. dominant and recessive
   3. gene and allele
   4. heterozygous and homozygous
   5. genotype and phenotype
   6. autosome and sex chromosome
   7. dominance and incomplete dominance
   8. dihybrid and monohybrid crosses
2. Describe test cross, true-breeding, and locus.
3. Invent a phenotype for R and for r. Assuming that R is dominant over r, use a Punnett square to predict the phenotypes and genotypes resulting from a cross between the following:  RR and RR, RR and rr, Rr and Rr, rr and Rr, rr and rr.
4. Invent a phenotype for T, t, O, and o. T is dominant over t and O is dominant over o and they are on separate chromosomes (They show independent assortment). Use a Punnett square to predict the phenotypes and genotypes resulting from a cross between TtOo and TtOo.
5. Explain the effect of two genes being linked on the same chromosome.
6. Explain how there can be new combinations of genes on the same chromosome.
7. Describe how gene maps are created.
8. How do chromosomes determine sex in mammals?
9. Hemophilia is a recessive X-linked gene. Use a Punnett square to predict the phenotypes and genotypes resulting from a cross between the following:       X^HX^H x X^hY,       X^HX^h x X^HY,       X^HX^h x X^hY
10. Explain the significance of dosage compensation and Barr bodies.
11. Compare sex-linked and sex-influenced traits.
12. Invent a phenotype for M₁ and for M₂. Assuming that M₁ and M₂ exhibit incomplete dominance, use a Punnett square to predict the phenotypes and genotypes resulting from a cross between the following:  M₁M₁ and M₂M₂, M₁M₂ and M₁M₂, M₂M₂ and M₁M₂, M₂M₂ and M₂M₂.
13. Describe an example of: multiple alleles, pleiotropy, epistasis, polygenes, inbreeding, and hybrid vigor. How do each of these affect the patterns of inheritance?
14. Complete the Post-Test questions 2-8, 11 and 12.
15. Answer the Review Questions 1-5, 7-9, 11-13, and 15.   

Chapter 11 DNA (2 lectures)

1. Explain what is meant by the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis.
2. Describe the experiment by Griffith. What did we learn from it?
3. Describe the life cycle of a virus or bacteriophage.
4. Describe the experiment by Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey. What did we learn from it?
5. Describe the contributions of Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick toward understanding the structure of DNA.
6. Describe how adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, sugar, and phosphate are arranged in the DNA molecule.
7. Describe how DNA is replicated (copied).
8. Describe how DNA is organized into chromosomes.
9. Answer Post-Test questions 1 and 3.
10. Answer Review Questions 1-6.

Chapter 12 RNA and Protein Synthesis (2 lectures)

1. Compare DNA and RNA.
2. Compare DNA replication and RNA transcription.
3. Describe the materials and events involved in transcription.
4. Describe the materials and events involved in translation.
5. Invent a sequence of bases for a strand of DNA. Write out the complementary strand of DNA. Write out a mRNA strand copied from the first DNA strand. What anticodons on tRNA's would stick to this mRNA? What amino acids does your DNA code for?
6. In eukaryotes, there is posttranscriptional modification and processing. Explain where a cap, poly-A, introns, and exons fit into this.
7. What does it mean that the genetic is nearly universal?
8. Describe the genetic code.
9. Give examples of how base substitution mutations, nonsense mutations, and frameshift mutations in the DNA could affect the proteins coded for.
10. Answer questions 1-3, 6 and 10  in the Post-Test.
11. Answer Review Question 1.

    Last updated 22 October 2001   fast@sxu.edu

    

    Saint Xavier University, Dale Fast, General Biology I